"分享介紹<專案>之 *10Gb乙太網路連接規格-- *它的多種連接規格-- --分別涵蓋了數種銅線與光纖連接技術~和 *提供終端收發功能的光纖收發模組的資?分享~!* "Sharing introduction < Project> The * 10Gb Ethernet connectivity specifications - ??* Its multiple connectivity specifications - ??- Each covering several copper and fiber optic connection technology - and ??* Owned?provide terminal transceivers feature optical transceiver module for sharing ! *

 "分享介紹<專案>之 *10Gb乙太網路連接規格--
  *它的多種連接規格--
  --分別涵蓋了數種銅線與光纖連接技術~和
  *提供終端收發功能的光纖收發模組的資?分享~!*
    "Sharing introduction < Project> The * 10Gb Ethernet connectivity specifications -
??* Its multiple connectivity specifications -
??- Each covering several copper and fiber optic connection technology - and
??* Owned?provide terminal transceivers feature optical transceiver module for sharing ! *"

*顧名思義，10GbE即是在物理層以10Gbps傳輸速度運作的乙太網路。
  ，考慮到不同應用環境對於連線傳輸距離與建置成本的需求， 
存在很大差異，
  因此IEEE制定了涵蓋多種傳輸線路與--
--連接埠規格的10GbE物理層規範，
  藉以滿足從廣域網路（WAN）到區域網路（LAN）、
  從企業園區骨幹網路、資料中心、高效能運算叢集連接，
  到交換器、伺服器等設備的內部背板，
  各式各樣環境的10GbE連線需求。 

兩種傳輸介質類型：光纖與銅線 
從應用環境區分，
10GbE的物理層有區域網路與廣域網路兩種類型之分，
後者多了一個用於與SONET/SPH相容的WIS  
（廣域網路介面）子層。 

從傳輸介質來看，
廣域網路10GbE都是採用光纖，
並且規格可與既有的SONET/SDH廣域網路設備對接，
而區域網路的10GbE，
則有光纖與銅線等兩種傳輸介質類型。 

雖然10GbE亦可使用於廣域網路，
但目前仍以區域網路應用為主，
因此以下我們也只討論區域網路10GbE。
如前所述，10GbE區域網路可使用光纖與銅線兩種傳輸介質，
而用這兩種介質為基礎，
又有多種分別採用不同連接技術的相關規範。 

其中銅線類型常見的，
有較早推出、採用類似InfiniBand纜線與連接埠的10GBASE-CX4、
採用雙芯電纜與SFP+連接器的10GBASE-Cu，
以及較晚推出、採用UTP雙絞線與RJ45連接埠的10GBASE-T等。 

在光纖類型方面，
則有分別用於短距離傳輸與長距離傳輸、
採用單模或多模光纖，
並搭配Xenpak、X2、XFP、SFP+等不同收發器模組--
--的10GBASE-SR、10GBASE-LR、10GBASE-ER等規格。 

光纖類型的10GbE 
可分為用於短距離傳輸的多模光纖（MMF），
與用於長距離傳輸的單模光纖（SMF）兩種基本類型，
常見的包括以下幾種規格： 

10GBASE-SR 
用於短距離傳輸的多模光纖規格（SR為Short Reach之意），
採用波長850nm的雷射光源，依使用的光纖纜線等級不同，
最大傳輸距離可達26公尺（FDDI-grade 62.5μm）、
33公尺（OM1 62.5μm）、82公尺（OM2 50μm）、
300公尺（OM3）或400公尺（OM4）。 

10GBASE-LR與10GBASE-ER 
10GBASE-LR是用於長距離傳輸的單模光纖（LR為Long Reach之意），
採用波長1310nm的雷射光源，傳輸距離為10公里。 

至於10GBASE-ER是比10GBASE-LR傳輸距離更遠的長距離傳輸用單模光纖
（ER為Extended Reach的縮寫），
作業波長1550nm，最大傳輸距離可達30或40公里。 

10GBASE-LRM 
採用多模光纖的長距離傳輸規格（Long Reach Multimode），
運作波長為用1310nm。雖然採用多模光纖，
但10GBASE-LRM透過電子色散補償技術（Electronic Dispersion Compensation，EDC），
可在老式的FDDI-grade或OM1等級光纖纜線上，
實現220公尺的最大傳輸距離，
若採用OM3等級纜線還可達260公尺，
某些非標準的收發器模組甚至能達到300公尺的傳輸距離。 

10GBASE-LRM瞄準的應用領域，
是那些擁有許多老式光纖纜線、
但想升級10GbE用戶，
不過在市場推動上並不太成功，
目前已很少看到這種規格。 

10GBASE-ZR與10GBSE-LX4 
10GBASE-ZR是由以Cisco為首的廠商所推動的單模長距離傳輸規格，
採用1550nm波長，最大傳輸距離可達80公里，
較10GBASE-ER還高出一倍，不過未被納入IEEE規範中。 

10GBSE-LX4是採用稀疏分波複用技術
（Coarse Wavelength Division Multiplexing，CWDM）、
同時結合了單模、多模兩種型態的光纖傳輸規格，
作業波長為1300nm波段範圍，
當使用FDDI-grade、OM1、OM2、OM3等多模光纖纜線時，
可有300公尺的最大傳輸距離，
使用單模光纖纜線時，則可有10公里的傳輸距離。 

10GBSE-LX4的優勢在於單一模組即可同時適用於單模、
多模兩種光纖環境，
同一組設備即可同時用於長距離或短距離傳輸應用，
不過比起10GBASE-SR與-LR，
10GBSE-LX4的CWDM技術需要4組雷射光源，
也就是4倍數量的光學與電子電路元件，
成本相對較高，因此很少看到這個規格的應用。

-------------------------------------------------
  銅線類型的10GbE 
相較於光纖，銅線雖然有效傳輸距離較短，
不過有成本相對較低與易於維護的優點，
更適於100公尺以下的短距離傳輸使用。
時至今日，銅線類型的10GbE規格，更
成為10GbE能否普及應用的關鍵。 

目前常見的銅線類型10GbE規格，
包括用於外接的10GBASE-CX4、
10GBASE-Cu（SFP+Direct Attach）與10GBASE-T，
以及用於設備內部背板內接的10GBASE-KR/KX4等兩大類型。 

10GBASE-CX4 
最早的銅線類型10GbE，
採用類似InfiniBand技術的IBX4連接埠，
與4對雙同軸銅線規格，傳輸距離可達15公尺。 

與可在安裝現場配接的UTP雙絞線不同，
CX4纜線必須事先在出廠前按用戶指定長度配接，
一般來說傳輸距離越長的CX4纜線也越粗，
短距離傳輸可用30 AWG規格纜線，
要達到15公尺的最大傳輸距離則必須使用較粗的24 AWG規格纜線。 

10GBASE-CX4的優勢在於低功耗、低延遲與低成本，
早期經常為高效能運算環境使用，
缺點則是傳輸距離短、連接埠占用體積較大，
此外，相對較為粗重、堅硬的CX4纜線，
也有佈線較不方便的問題，
目前大都已被SFP+Direct Attach取代。 

10GBASE-Cu 
（SFP+Direct Attach） 
或稱為10GBASE-CX1，SFP+Direct Attach採用了--
---與10GBASE-SR/LR相同的SFP+收發模組框體，
但省略了其中用於驅動信號的主動光學模組，
改為直接連接一條被動式的雙芯銅線，
可允許5～7公尺長的傳輸距離。 

SFP+Direct Attach具有類似10GBASE-CX4的低功耗、
低延遲與低成本等特性，
雖然有效傳輸距離較短，
但SFP+收發器的尺寸要比CX4小了許多，
適合需要高密度佈置傳輸埠的場合，
纜線也輕巧許多，佈線與連接都遠比CX4更方便，
而且連接距離也足以滿足一般機房中伺服器連接交換器的需求。 

SFP+Direct Attach也可改用主動式銅線
（內含信號放大與等化功能），
藉以達到更大的傳輸距離，
不過相對的延遲與功率消耗都會增加。 

10GBASE-T 
最新的一種10GbE銅線類型規格，
可採用與1000BASE-T（GbE）類似的無屏蔽雙絞線與RJ45連接埠，
來實現10Gbps的傳輸速率，
不過必須使用CAT 6以上等級的纜線，
而非GbE環境中常見的CAT 5或CAT 5e等及纜線。 

當採用CAT 6a或CAT 7等級纜線時，
10GBASE-T理論上可達到100公尺的最大傳輸距離，
若採用CAT 6纜線，亦有55公尺的傳輸距離。 

早期的10GBASE-T介面卡有功率消耗過高的問題，
收發器模組的功率消耗比10GBASE-SR光纖規格高出3～4倍，
甚至接近PCIe匯流排允許的臨界值。 

但新一代10GBASE-T介面卡的功耗已降低許多。
由於可與GbE規格相容
（部份10GBASE-T介面卡還可自動偵測與切換10Gb或1Gb連接速度），
成本相對較低，
因此10GBASE-T被視為一種相當有潛力的10GbE連接規格。 

10GBASE-KR與10GBASE-KX4 
用於刀鋒伺服器、交換器或路由器內部背板連接的10GbE規格，
又被稱為背板乙太網路。
其中-KR是4條通道平行傳輸規格，
-KX4則是單通道串列傳輸規格，
兩者均可允許透過1公尺長度以內的銅佈線印刷電路，
來實現10GbE連接。 

各種10GbE連接規格的最大傳輸距離（長距離類型） 
*

*各種10GbE連接規格的最大傳輸距離（短距離類型）
*

*10GBE連接規格概覽--*區域網路類型*
*

*>論-當前主流與未來趨勢 
前面介紹了10多種10GbE連接規格，
不過經過數年的發展後，
其中有幾種已經趨近於退出市場。 

在光纖類型方面，
10GBASE-LRM與10GBSE-LX4兩種光纖類型規格--
--目前已經很少見到，
均遠不如10GBASE-SR與-LR普及。 

按市調機構Dell’Oro的估計，
SPF+光纖收發器類型的10GbE，
占2011年10GbE出貨總埠數1/4以上，
其中短距離用的10GBASE-SR又占了95%，
換言之，SFP+與10BASE-SR的組合，
是目前最普及的10GbE光纖規格。 

至於同樣使用SFP+收發器的長距離傳輸用10BASE-LR，
由於長距離傳輸的應用需求量遠低於短距離傳輸，
按主要10GbE介面卡廠商之一的Intel說法，
10BASE -LR規格只占他們10GbE出貨量的1%
（其他幾乎都是短距離傳輸類型規格），
不過卻是相當關鍵的1%。 

若從包括銅線與光纖的整個10GbE連接應用來看，
結合了SFP+連接器與銅線的SFP+Direct Attach是目前最普遍使用的規格。 

按Dell’Oro估計，
SFP+Direct Attach介面卡與SFP+光纖介面卡在2011年的出貨量，是2.5比1，
前者占了總出貨量的6成以上。
至於最早的10GBASE-CX4亦逐漸退出市場，

不過未來最被看好的連接規格，
還是10GBASE-T，由於推出時間較晚，
目前的應用比重雖然仍不及SFP+類型規格，
但挾著低成本、易於與既有GbE網路環境融合等特性，
許多市場調查機構都看好10GBASE-T 的成長，
如Crehan Research便估計，
10GBASE-T到2013或2014年的出貨量，
便會超過SFP+類型規格了。*
*

*幾種機房常見的10Gb乙太網路連接規格 
長距離傳輸型10GbE規格採用的單模光纖一般比較少見，
另外在眾多光纖收發器規格中，
較老的XENPAK、X2或XFP等收發器規格，
現在也逐漸為其他類型規格取代，
目前在機房中較常見到的是這4種短距離用的10GbE連接規格，
包括1種採用SFP+收發器的多模光纖類型與3種銅線類型規格：*

--------------------------------------------------
*

*<介紹分享-資訊>光纖網路應用中，
提供終端收發功能的光纖收發模組是必不可少的元件。
光纖收發模組包括了光-電轉換、
時鐘/同步、編/解碼等功能，
10GbE問世後，
最早出現的一種收發器模組是由SDH規格修改而來的300pin MSA模組，
不過由於價格十分昂貴、尺寸也相對龐大，
應用十分有限，實際得到較廣泛應用的，
是後來陸續出現的XENPAK、X2、
XFP與SFP+等4種10GbE光訊號收發器模組。 

XENPAK 
針對10GbE的第一代光纖收發模組，可熱插拔，
有分別支援850nm、1310nm與1550nm等多種波長，
以及單模、多模的不同版本，
能支援10GBASE-SR、-LR、-ER與10GBASE-LRM等協定，
缺點是體積與功率消耗較大，
較適合交換器或路由器等設備使用，
而不適合用在空間緊湊的介面卡上。
某些廠商還有生產可連接CX4纜線的XENPAK模組。 

X2 
XENPAK的改進版，規格相容於XENPAK，
但體積與功率需求均縮小1/3以上，
更適合用在介面卡上。 

XFP 
只提供光-電轉換、省略其他元件的小型收發器模組，
因而體積與功率需求較XENPAK或X2更小，
尺寸接近標準的SFP通用小型光纖收發器，
十分適合高密度環境使用，
成本也相對低廉許多。
XFP模組通常有850nm、1310nm與1550nm波長，
與單模、多模等不同版本，
可支援多種10GbE傳輸協定。 

由於XFP只有光電轉換功能，
其餘功能必須依靠外部主機板或介面卡上的其他元件來承擔。
不過也由於XFP只負責光電轉換，
沒有編/解碼等功能，
所以與通訊協定無關，
亦可用於其他類型的光纖網路。 

SFP+ 
從通用的SFP小型光纖通信收發器規格衍生的版本，
物理規格與1Gb的SFP相同，
支援的傳輸速率提高到10Gbps，
有支援不同作業波長與單模、多模模式的版本。 

與XFP相似，SFP+亦把許多電路功能放到外部的主機板或介面卡上，
本身只負責光電轉換，
不過SFP+更為精簡、功率消耗更低，
尺寸也較XFP更小，是目前應用的主流。 

廣域網路型的10GbE規格 
除了應用於區域網路外，
10Gb乙太網路亦能應用於廣域網路。
要特別注意的是，
廣域網路型10GbE的物理層傳輸距離規格並沒有比較遠，
事實上對應規格的廣域網路與區域網路型10GbE，
傳輸距離規格是完全相同的，
兩者的差異，
只在於廣域網路型10GbE可與當前作為廣域網路骨幹的--
--同步光纖網路（SONET）/同步數位階層（SDH）相容。 

為了與SONET/SDH網路相容，
廣域網路型10GbE的物理層多了一個廣域網路介面子層
（WAN Interface Sublayer），
可透過SONET/SDH的OC-192/STM-64訊框格式，
與SONET/SDH網路設備交互作業。 

廣域網路型10GbE的物理層規範有10GBASE-SW、
10GBASE-LW、10GBASE-EW與10GBASE-ZW等幾種，
採用的光纖類型與傳輸距離分別對應--
--區域網路型10GbE的10GBASE-SR、10GBASE-ER與10GBASE-ZR。 

不過由於SONET/SDH網路是串列傳輸，
而與SONET/SDH相容又是廣域網路型10GbE的必備條件，
因此區域網路型10GbE中，
採用並列傳輸的10GBASE-CX4與10GBASE-LX4，
都沒有對應的廣域網路版本。 

10GBASE-SW 
10GBASE-SR的廣域網路版，
同樣採用850nm波長多模光纖，
使用50μm芯徑OM3等級光纖纜線時，
可達到300公尺有效傳輸距離。 

10GBASE-LW 
10GBASE-LR的廣域網路版，
同樣採用1310nm波長單模光纖，
最大傳輸距離同為10公里。 

10GBASE-EW 
10GBASE-ER的廣域網路版，
採用相同的1550nm波長單模光纖，
最大傳輸距離亦同為30或40公里。 

10GBASE-ZW 
10GBASE-ZR的廣域網路版，
採用1550nm單模光纖，
最大傳輸距離達到80公里。
不過10GBASE-ZW與10GBASE-ZR同樣都是由--
--特定廠商所推動的規格，
並非IEEE的標準規範。

----------------------------------------------------------------
^USA-EN-"Sharing introduction < Project>
 The * 10Gb Ethernet connectivity specifications -
??* Its multiple connectivity specifications -
??- Each covering several copper and fiber optic connection technology - and
??* Owned?provide terminal transceivers feature optical transceiver module for sharing ! *
??
??As the name suggests , 10GbE physical layer that is in operation in 10Gbps Ethernet transmission speed .
??, Taking into account different environments and build for the cost of connection transmission distance requirements ,
???There is a big difference ,
??Therefore IEEE developed covering a variety of transmission lines and
??Port 10GbE physical layer specifications specifications ,
??In order to meet from a wide area network (WAN) to a local area network (LAN),
??From the enterprise campus backbone networks, data centers , high performance computing clusters connected ,
??To the internal backplane switches, servers and other equipment ,
??10GbE connectivity needs of a wide range of environments.

Two transmission media types : fiber and copper
Distinguished from the application environment ,
10GbE physical layer LAN and WAN are two types of points,
The latter one for more than a WIS compatible with SONET / SPH (the WAN interface ) sublayer .

From the transmission medium term,
10GbE WAN are using optical fiber ,
And specifications can be used with existing SONET / SDH WAN equipment docking,
The LAN of 10GbE,
There are two types of fiber-optic and copper transmission media types.

While 10GbE WAN can also be used in ,
But still the LAN -based applications ,
Consequently, we can only discuss the LAN 10GbE.
As mentioned earlier , 10GbE LAN can use two transmission fiber and copper media ,
And with these two media based
There are a variety of different specifications were used to connect related technologies .

Which copper type common
There are earlier launched a similar InfiniBand cables and ports 10GBASE-CX4,
Using two-core cable with SFP + connector 10GBASE-Cu,
And later introduced , using UTP twisted pair and RJ45 port 10GBASE-T and so on .

The types of fiber ,
There were for short-distance transport and long-distance transmission ,
Using single-mode or multi- mode fiber ,
And with Xenpak, X2, XFP, SFP + Transceiver Module different -
- The 10GBASE-SR, 10GBASE-LR, 10GBASE-ER specifications.

10GbE fiber types
For short- distance transmission can be divided into a multimode fiber (MMF),
And for long-distance transmission of single-mode fiber (SMF) are two basic types ,
Common specifications include the following :

10GBASE-SR
Multimode fiber specification for short-range transmission (SR for the Short Reach meaning ) ,
Laser light with a wavelength of 850nm , depending on level of use of different fiber-optic cable ,
The maximum transmission distance up to 26 meters (FDDI-grade 62.5μm),
33 meters (OM1 62.5μm), 82 meters (OM2 50μm),
300 meters (OM3) or 400 meters (OM4).

10GBASE-LR and 10GBASE-ER
10GBASE-LR is used for long-distance transmission of single-mode fiber (LR as Long Reach meaning ) ,
Laser light with a wavelength of 1310nm , transmission distance of 10 km .

As 10GBASE-ER 10GBASE-LR is the ratio of long-distance transmission over longer distances with a single-mode fiber
(ER acronym for the Extended Reach ) ,
Operating wavelength of 1550nm, the maximum transmission distance of up to 30 or 40 km.

10GBASE-LRM
The use of long-distance transmission multimode fiber specification (Long Reach Multimode),
Operate with a wavelength of 1310nm. Although the use of multi-mode fiber ,
But 10GBASE-LRM through electronic dispersion compensation (Electronic Dispersion Compensation, EDC),
Available on older FDDI-grade or OM1 grade optical fiber cables ,
220 meters to achieve the maximum transmission distance ,
If using OM3 grade cable is also up to 260 meters.
Some non-standard transceiver modules can even reach the transmission distance of 300 meters .

10GBASE-LRM applications targeted areas ,
Those with a lot of old-fashioned fiber optic cable ,
But want to upgrade 10GbE users,
However, in the market-driven and not very successful ,
This specification has been rarely seen .

10GBASE-ZR and 10GBSE-LX4
10GBASE-ZR is headed to Cisco vendor -driven single-mode long-distance transmission specifications,
Using 1550nm wavelength , the maximum transmission distance of up to 80 km ,
Compared with 10GBASE-ER also twice , but not included in the IEEE specification.

10GBSE-LX4 is the use of wavelength division multiplexing sparse
(Coarse Wavelength Division Multiplexing, CWDM),
Combined with a single-mode and multimode optical fiber transmission two types of specifications,
Operating wavelength of 1300nm wavelength range ,
When using FDDI-grade, OM1, OM2, OM3 multimode fiber optic cable ,
Can have a maximum transmission distance of 300 meters ,
When using single-mode fiber-optic cable , you can have a 10 km transmission distance.

10GBSE-LX4 has the advantage of a single module can be applied to both single-mode ,
Multimode fiber environment,
The same set of equipment can be used for both long distance and short distance transport applications ,
But compared to 10GBASE-SR and -LR,
10GBSE-LX4 CWDM technology requires four sets of laser light,
That is four times the number of optical and electronic circuit components,
Cost is relatively high , so you rarely see this specification applications.

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??10GbE copper type
Compared to optical fiber, copper , although effective transmission distance is shorter,
But has the advantage of relatively low-cost and easy to maintain ,
More suitable for short-distance transmission using 100 meters below .
Today, 10GbE copper type specifications, and more
Could become a key 10GbE universal application .

Current common 10GbE copper type specifications,
Includes external 10GBASE-CX4,
10GBASE-Cu (SFP + Direct Attach) and 10GBASE-T,
And two types of the internal backplane connection for devices such as the 10GBASE-KR/KX4 .

10GBASE-CX4
The earliest copper type 10GbE,
InfiniBand technology IBX4 similar port
And four pairs of double coaxial copper specifications, transmission distance up to 15 meters.

And can be installed UTP twisted pair mating scene is different,
CX4 cable length must be specified by the user in the factory mating ,
Generally the longer the transmission distance CX4 cables are thicker, the
Short distance transmission specifications available 30 AWG cable
To achieve the maximum transmission distance of 15 meters must use thicker 24 AWG standard cable.

10GBASE-CX4 has the advantage of low power , low latency and low cost,
Early and often for high-performance computing environments,
The disadvantage is that the transmission distance is short , the port occupies a larger volume ,
In addition, relatively heavy, hard CX4 cable
Also less convenient wiring problems,
Currently have largely been replaced SFP + Direct Attach.

10GBASE-Cu
(SFP + Direct Attach)
Otherwise known as 10GBASE-CX1, SFP + Direct Attach uses -
--- With 10GBASE-SR/LR same SFP + transceiver module frame ,
But omitted the active optical module which is used to drive the signal,
Direct connection to a passive dual-core copper wire,
May allow 5-7 meter long transmission distance.

SFP + Direct Attach with similar low-power 10GBASE-CX4 ,
Low latency and low cost characteristics ,
Although the effective transmission distance is shorter,
But SFP + transceivers much smaller size than the CX4 ,
Suitable for the needs of high-density arrangement of the transmission port of the occasion,
Many cables also lightweight , CX4 cabling and connections are far more convenient,
And the connection from the engine room is enough to meet the general needs of the switch connected to the server .

SFP + Direct Attach Copper can also use Active
(Includes signal amplification and equalization functions ) ,
In order to achieve greater transmission distance ,
However, the relative delay and power consumption will increase.

10GBASE-T
The latest one 10GbE copper type specifications,
Can be used with 1000BASE-T (GbE) and similar unshielded twisted pair RJ45 ports
To achieve 10Gbps transmission rate ,
But above grade must use CAT 6 cable ,
GbE environment rather than common , such as CAT 5 or CAT 5e and cables.

When using CAT 6a or CAT 7 cable rating ,
10GBASE-T can theoretically achieve the maximum transmission distance of 100 meters ,
If using CAT 6 cable , some 55 meters transmission distance .

Early 10GBASE-T adapters have the problem of high power consumption ,
Power consumption of the transceiver module 3 to 4 times higher than 10GBASE-SR fiber specifications,
PCIe bus allows even close to the critical value.

But a new generation 10GBASE-T adapter power consumption has been reduced a lot .
Since the specifications compatible with GbE
( Part of the 10GBASE-T adapter can automatically detect and switch 10Gb or 1Gb connection speed ) ,
Relatively low cost ,
10GBASE-T is therefore regarded as a very promising 10GbE connectivity specifications.

10GBASE-KR and 10GBASE-KX4
10GbE specification for blade servers , switches or routers internal backplane connections
Also known as the backplane Ethernet .
Which is a four -KR -channel parallel transmission specifications ,
-KX4 is a single-channel serial transmission specifications,
Both can be allowed through the printed circuit copper wiring within 1 meter length ,
To achieve 10GbE connections.

The maximum transmission distance ( long distance type ) of various sizes 10GbE connections
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The maximum transmission distance ( short distance type ) of various sizes 10GbE connections
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> On - current and future trends in the mainstream
Introduced in front of more than 10 kinds of 10GbE connectivity specifications ,
However, after several years of development,
There are several approaches which have been withdrawn from the market .

The types of fiber ,
10GBASE-LRM and 10GBSE-LX4 two kinds of fiber type specification -
- Is now rarely seen ,
Are far less 10GBASE-SR and -LR popularity.

According to market research firm Dell'Oro estimates
SPF + optical transceivers types of 10GbE,
Share of total shipments in 2011 10GbE port 1 /4 or more ,
Which is a short distance with 10GBASE-SR and accounted for 95 %
In other words , the combination with 10BASE-SR SFP + , and
Is the most popular 10GbE fiber specifications.

As also use SFP + transceivers for long distance transmission using 10BASE-LR,
Since the application is far below the demand for long-distance transmission short distance transmission,
Press one of the main Intel 10GbE adapter vendor saying ,
10BASE-LR specification only they 10GbE shipments to 1%
( Other types of specifications are almost always short- distance transport ) ,
But it is quite critical 1%.

If from the entire 10GbE connectivity applications , including copper and fiber of view,
Combined with SFP + connectors and copper SFP + Direct Attach is currently the most widely used standard .

According to Dell'Oro estimates
SFP + Direct Attach adapter and SFP + fiber optic adapters shipped in 2011 , is 2.5 to 1 ,
The former accounted for more than 60 percent of total shipments .
As the first 10GBASE-CX4 also gradually withdraw from the market ,

But the most promising future connection specifications,
Or 10GBASE-T, due to the introduction of late,
Although the proportion is still current application and SFP + type specifications,
But buttressed by low cost, easy integration with existing GbE network environment and other characteristics ,
Many market research agencies are optimistic about the growth of 10GBASE-T ,
If Crehan Research has estimated that
10GBASE-T to 2013 or 2014 shipments ,
Will exceed the specifications of the SFP + type .
.
Several common room 10Gb Ethernet connection specification
Long-distance transmission type 10GbE standard single-mode fiber is generally used relatively rare ,
Also in many fiber optic transceiver specifications ,
Older XENPAK, X2 or XFP transceiver specifications , etc. ,
Now gradually replaced by other types of specifications,
Currently in the room is more common to the four short-range 10GbE connection with the specifications,
Including one kind of multimode fiber type using SFP + transceivers with three kinds of copper wire type specifications :
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< Introduction share - Information > fiber network applications,
Providing terminal transceiver module fiber optic transceiver functions are essential components.
Optical transceiver module includes a light - electricity conversion,
Clock / sync , encoding / decoding functions,
After the advent of 10GbE ,
The earliest emergence of a transceiver module is modified by the SDH specifications comes 300pin MSA modules,
However, because the price is very expensive , relatively large size ,
Application is very limited , actually to be more widely applied ,
The later start to appear in XENPAK, X2,
XFP and SFP + 10GbE optical signals such as four kinds of transceiver modules.

XENPAK
For the first generation of 10GbE optical transceiver modules , hot-swappable ,
There were support, etc. 850nm, 1310nm and 1550nm multi- wavelength
And singlemode , multimode different versions ,
Able to support 10GBASE-SR,-LR,-ER and 10GBASE-LRM and other agreements ,
The disadvantage is that the larger the volume and power consumption ,
More suited to a switch or router and other equipment used
Not suitable for use in tight spaces adapter.
Some manufacturers also produce CX4 cable can be connected XENPAK module.

X2
XENPAK improved version , specifications compatible XENPAK,
But the volume and power requirements are reduced 1 /3,
More suitable for use in the adapter.

XFP
Only optical - electrical converter , a small transceiver module is omitted in the other components ,
Thus the size and power requirements than the XENPAK or X2 smaller,
Close to the standard size of a small fiber optic transceivers SFP universal ,
Very suitable for high-density environments,
Many costs are relatively low .
XFP modules are usually 850nm, 1310nm and 1550nm wavelength ,
And single-mode , multimode , such as different versions
10GbE can support multiple transport protocols .

Since only a photoelectric conversion function XFP ,
The remaining functions must rely on the motherboard or other components external to bear on the adapter .
But also because XFP only responsible for photoelectric conversion,
No encoding / decoding functions,
So nothing to do with the protocol ,
Can also be used for other types of fiber optic networks.

SFP +
From the common optical fiber communication transceivers SFP small size derived version
Physical specifications and a 1Gb SFP same
Supports transfer rates up to 10Gbps,
Supports different operating wavelengths with a single mode , multimode version mode .

Similar to XFP, SFP + also put a lot of circuit functions onto the motherboard or external adapter
Itself is only responsible for photoelectric conversion,
However SFP + more streamlined , lower power consumption ,
Size is also smaller than the XFP is mainstream applications.

WAN -based 10GbE specification
In addition to used in LAN , the
10Gb Ethernet can also be applied to WAN .
Pay special attention to that,
WAN transmission of 10GbE physical layer specification does not quite far away ,
In fact the corresponding specifications of the WAN and LAN -based 10GbE,
Transmission distance specifications are identical,
The difference between the two ,
10GbE WAN lies only with the current model as a WAN backbone -
- Synchronous Optical Network (SONET) / SDH (SDH) compatible .

In order to be compatible with SONET / SDH networks,
WAN -based 10GbE physical layer of a multi- WAN interface sublayer
(WAN Interface Sublayer),
Through SONET / SDH frame format of OC-192/STM-64 ,
And SONET / SDH network equipment interoperability .

WAN -based 10GbE physical layer specifications have 10GBASE-SW,
10GBASE-LW, 10GBASE-EW and 10GBASE-ZW several,
And the fiber type using the corresponding transmission distance -
- LAN type of 10GbE 10GBASE-SR, 10GBASE-ER and 10GBASE-ZR.

However, because of SONET / SDH networks are serial transmission ,
And is compatible with SONET / SDH -based 10GbE WAN is a prerequisite ,
Therefore, LAN -based 10GbE in
Using parallel transmission 10GBASE-CX4 and 10GBASE-LX4,
Have no corresponding WAN version.

10GBASE-SW
10GBASE-SR 's WAN Edition
Also uses 850nm wavelength multimode fiber ,
Use 50μm core diameter OM3 grade fiber optic cable , the
Effective up to 300 meters transmission distance .

10GBASE-LW
10GBASE-LR 's WAN Edition
Using the same wavelength 1310nm single-mode fiber ,
With the maximum transmission distance of 10 km.

10GBASE-EW
10GBASE-ER 's WAN Edition
Using the same wavelength of 1550nm single-mode fiber ,
Likewise the maximum transmission distance of 30 or 40 kilometers .

10GBASE-ZW
10GBASE-ZR of WAN Edition
Using 1550nm single-mode fiber ,
The maximum transmission distance of 80 km.
But 10GBASE-ZW and 10GBASE-ZR is the same -
- Promote specific manufacturers specifications,
Not the IEEE standards.
==

=

 "分享介紹<專案>之 *10Gb乙太網路連接規格--
  *它的多種連接規格--
  --分別涵蓋了數種銅線與光纖連接技術~和
  *提供終端收發功能的光纖收發模組的資?分享~!* 
  "Sharing introduction < Project> The * 10Gb Ethernet connectivity specifications -
??* Its multiple connectivity specifications -
??- Each covering several copper and fiber optic connection technology - and
??* Owned?provide terminal transceivers feature optical transceiver module for sharing ! *
=MelodyRO===END>/

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